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Our Ethiopian wedding was in the traditional style of the Gurage people. Click here to read about the Orthodox wedding ceremony we attended.

Gurage MARRIAGE CEREMONY

White wedding
Wedding #5: Ethiopia, April 11, 2001


Shawl maintenance by Kiran's mizes

I change into my hand-woven cotton wedding dress behind a small sheet held up as a curtain to shield me from the seventy or so people in the house. First the dress, then shash (black turban headdress), then net'ella (shawl). I am draped in white.

All around me my girl friends are singing, chanting, drumming to wedding songs. I clap my hands and join in the singing, until I am told that if this were the real thing, I would actually be very sad. It is the first time I will ever leave my family, and to a man I have probably never met. My face grows serious, but my feet can't help tapping.

We are waiting. My mizes (mee-ZAYs), or bridesmaids, are straightening and re-straightening my shawl, pulling it lower over my face, suggesting that I hold it together with my teeth. They open and close my traditional agiya (elaborate umbrella, being substituted today for a tella or regular umbrella) nervously. The agiya is one of the items which I must present to my new husband's family. If I cannot provide these gifts, I must hide in shame from them, in their house, until I can afford to buy them. We wait more long minutes for the groom to arrive.


As the groom I spend my morning paying respects to my adoptive Abba (father). He lives in a traditional tukul or sera beat. When I arrive I greet him by kissing each of his shoulders. My mize (like best men) are gathered here to help me fetch my bride. In the past they would have helped overcome any resistance from the bride's family. Today they are drinking katikala and practising the wedding songs. Abba points to a mattress on the floor. Through translation and sign language I realize he's telling me that this is my wedding bed. I wonder how far he thinks we'll take this ceremony.

There are about 20 people from the village and they are singing and dancing in a circle. My mizes lead them on and eventually drag me into the circle. I do my best to dance Gurage style surrounded by guttural chants and stamping feet. They sing (I'm told) about my great status in the community and my legendary acts of bravery, to get my courage up. After nearly collapsing I take a break to get dressed. I wear a long shirt, riding pants, a wide brimmed hat and a long shawl (gabi), all in white. In my hand I carry the horse tail chera.

When I'm dressed and ready I climb up on a mule that has been saddled for me. There is another mule for Kiran. Both mules are covered with ceremonial blankets. My number one mize, Daniel, leads my mule through the village blowing a simple brass trumpet. The other singers and family crowd around playing drums and chanting "Ai-lo-ga, ai-lo-gah-o" over and over. When we get to Kiran's house we are met by her mize at the door. They refuse to let us in. They sing about Kiran's virtues and my faults. They sing that I should go home or sleep outside and that Kiran is much too good for me. My mizes respond by singing that if I don't marry Kiran, then nobody will. They sing that Kiran is lucky that I'm interested. I smile and wave the chera around, surrounded by the chaos of singers, drums and trumpet. Traditionally this song duel could stretch for hours. Since the villagers don't know too many of my heroic deeds the duel only lasts a few minutes. Then Kiran's mizes let us in.

I am shuffled over to the far corner and it takes me a second to realize that Kiran is in the opposite corner completely covered by her shawl. First I sit with Daniel behind a long table. Kiran's mizes bring plates of kocho and cabbage kitfo and place them in front of us. My mizes stand and I do the same. We tell the ladies that we won't eat. They hassle us saying "Why, are you too good to eat our food? What's the matter with it?" etc. We reply that we won't eat until they bring Kiran to me. After a while of arguing like this I pass the test and Kiran is brought to sit with me.



When at last we are together we feed each other a ceremonial spoonful of kitfo. Our mizes take turns feeding us and each other. Meanwhile our family is busy feeding the entire gang with kitfo and injera. Kiran is finally allowed to smile a little and we eat as much as we can.

The feasting lasts for a while and then it's time to take Kiran to her new home. Kiran climbs up on the mule that my mizes brought for her. She attempts to ride side saddle but is corrected by the villagers. She looks at me as if to say 'this will be interesting'. With Kiran holding the ceremonial umbrella and me my chera, we ride the mules back to my family's tukul. The trumpet, drums and chanting are louder then ever. When we arrive I am so concerned that Kiran might fall off her mule that I don't notice my own loose saddle. Daniel catches me and I stand up in time to watch Kiran's perfect dismount.

In the tukul it's cool and dark. After Kiran and I pay our respects to each family member, the family says a prayer. At this point the groom is supposed to deflower the bride and make a big show of her virginity. Although this is a very important part of the traditional ceremony, everyone forgives us for skipping it.


As we leave from Abba's house one of Kiran's mizes says to her shyly "I love you...". Kiran is shocked and while she searches for a response her mize finishes with "... more than candy!" Kiran smiles, dumbfounded. We both are riding a wave of joy as and leave from Emdibir chanting 'Ai-lo-ga, Ai-lo-ga-oh! Ai-lo-ga, ai-lo-ga-oh!'

To read about our 6th wedding ceremony, click here.


Learn more about the Gurage people and their strong sense of self-sustainable community.

Abba approves of Geoff's chera

"Lemme in! Lemme in!"
MOVIE (click on above photo to view)

The bride's face must remain hidden

We eat and are fed

On mules, we go to the groom's house

A prayer or two for the newlyweds

Above photos by Ato Katika

Ethiopian Orthodox MARRIAGE CEREMONY

In an Orthodox church courtyard, Yitbarek and Genet are seated on two thrones facing their guests and onlookers. They are wearing large crowns and velvet robes and look serious as a man announces their wish to be married before God, over a microphone. After the declarations, the church choir begin to beat a huge drum and sing traditional marriage songs. They have red caps with crosses on them and red robes. They begin to walk, starting a procession, and the bride and groom stand up and join. They sing along, palms up, as they walk.

The procession eventually makes it to the church limits and everyone hops into cars. We drive to a public garden near the outskirts of Addis Ababa, where they have rented a spot for photo-taking. The bride and groom stay in their decorated car while everyone pays the admission fee, and their mize (bridesmaids and best men) continue singing and dancing around the car, a cloud of white and green.

We return to the church grounds and follow the procession into a reception hall, many of the group carrying long orange candles. Once they get inside the hall, they make an arch with the candles that the bride and groom must walk underneath. The choir is still singing and dancing. We almost know the songs by now. The drum procession leads the bride and groom up onto a raised stage.

A priest waves the singing to a stop and gives the first of many passionate sermons filled with references to the Christian Holy Trinity (Selassie in Amharic). There is more singing and dancing and then food is served. The meal is traditional injera and wot. It is no longer fasting season so the dishes are mostly goat and beef.

More singing, more dancing, this time with the bride and groom in the centre of it all. At a signal from the priest, the young deacons take out staffs and brass rattles and line up facing each other. With serene looks on their faces they sing hymns for the wedding couple. We get a message that Yitbarek has invited us up on stage. We aren't sure why we should deserve this honour. We try our best to keep our candles out of people's hair. It's the least we can do to thank our hosts for this incredible opportunity.





Bride and groom in crowns and gowns

Into the church

Music song and dance

Hymns for the married couple

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